国家审计与内部控制对国企资产价值的作用研究——基于保值增值视角

选取2007—2017年上市中央企业集团作为研究对象,实证检验国家审计、内部控制对国有企业资产保值增值的影响作用以及两者之间的协同联动效应。研究结果表明,国家审计、内部控制可以督促国企资产实现保值增值,且两者在促进国企资产保值增值中存在替代效应。进一步研究发现,国家审计对国企资产保值增值的作用存在滞后效应和地区异质性。通过影响机制研究发现,替代效应中混杂着内部控制充当中介变量的中介效应,并且高质量的内部控制与国家审计对国企资产保值增值的替代关系不仅体现在国家审计的整体政策净效应上,还体现在国家审计的各个细分层面内容上。     

Evaluating the impact of rising fertilizer prices on crop yields

Because of tensions on fossil energy and phosphorus markets, the rise in fertilizer prices observed during the last decades may continue in the future, putting into question production pathways relying heavily on crop intensification. To evaluate how, in this context, economic choices may alter crop yields, we first construct different fertilizer price scenarios to 2050 based on an econometric relation with oil and gas prices. Other possible scenarios, such as the continuation of historical trends, are also considered. The resulting changes in fertilizer price range between +0.8% and +3.6% per year over the 2005–2050 period. These scenarios are tested in a global land‐use model incorporating an endogenous representation of the land–fertilizer substitution. We find that the supply‐side response to rising fertilizer prices could lower crop yields in 2050 from ?6% to ?13%, with a corresponding increase in global cropland area ranging between 100 and 240 Mha if the demand for food and nonfood products has to be met. The sensitivity of these results is tested with regard to assumptions on food consumption, change in potential yield and nutrient use efficiency.     

木材节约代用理论述评

在讨论了木材节约代用基本涵义的基础上,总结了中国木材节约代用的历史发展,提出了当前中国发展木材节约代用的背景,介绍了国内外木材节约代用理论,并根据作者对木材节约代用的认识,对国内外木材节约代用理论进行了比较和评价。     

Superneutrality, indeterminacy and endogenous growth

In this paper, we explore the possibility of having money as a source of indeterminacy in endogenous growth models. We adopt the simple Ak model of endogenous growth to be the main analytical vehicle whose balanced growth paths do not display local indeterminacy. Money is introduced via either a general cash-in-advance (CIA) constraint or a pecuniary transactions costs (PTC) technology. It is shown that local indeterminacy of the dynamics is due to the presence of an intertemporal substitution effect on capital accumulation that works against and dominates the conventional inflation effect of Tobin [1965, Money and economical growth. Econometrica 33(4), Part 2, 671]. If money is growth-rate superneutral, then the intertemporal substitution effect is absent so that local indeterminacy cannot occur. Finally, the strength of the intertemporal substitution effect depends positively on the intertemporal elasticity of substitution in consumption.     

Consumer durables and the marginal propensity to consume out of permanent income shocks

This paper derives and estimates a model in which the utility of durable and non-durable consumption is allowed to be non-separable and individuals face a convex adjustment cost for the purchase of a new durable good. Panel data on subjective expectations allow us to identify income shocks and estimate the marginal propensity to consume out of permanent income shocks.     

Factor substitution and factor intensities in models with more factors than goods

This paper considers the commodity prices–factor prices relation in models with more factors than consumption goods. Under some simple factor substitutability assumptions, many results in the   n  ×  n   cases have counterparts in the   l  ×  n   cases. The proportional price changes of the "middle factors" will be trapped between those of the "extreme factors". A weak and a strong Stolper–Samuelson theorem can also be proven. If the numbers of goods and perfectly complementary factors are equal and the production functions have the nested constant elasticity of substitution form, two of the complementary factors would have the most extreme relative price changes, regardless of the factor intensities.     

解释经济波动现象的两种理论比较

真实经济周期理论从微观出发研究宏观经济,认为经济周期的产生原因来自于经济体系之外的真实冲击,其对宏观经济波动的解释与传统凯恩斯主义波动理论观点迥异,从而对后者在宏观经济研究中的统治地位提出了挑战,并为经济研究开拓了新的思路。比较了两种理论在经济波动的原因、性质、传播机制、研究方法、模型以及政策含义等方面的差异,并评价了两种理论各自的优劣之处。     

中国制造业的能源外部替代研究——基于分行业面板数据的分析

在能源供给不足和能源价格上涨的背景下,制造业能源替代已成为中国经济发展的必然选择。用劳动替代能源空间较大。通过能源价格上升实现节能降耗的空间较大,但会对制造业中各分部门的资本存量和就业需求产生负面效应。     

横向和纵向一体化下可替代产品库存比较研究

考虑单向替代的两产品情况,比较分析了在横向一体化和纵向一体化条件下,由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的供应链企业的收益问题,并进行了数值仿真,得到了一些有益的结论。     

Comment on “On the openness to trade as a determinant of the macroeconomic elasticity of substitution”

This paper provides a comment on the analysis of the link between an economy’s openness to trade and its macroeconomic elasticity of substitution (ES) presented in Saam [Saam, M., 2008. Openness to trade as a determinant of the macroeconomic elasticity of substitution. Journal of Macroeconomics 30, 691–702.].